This article was focused on literature review about studies of effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) programs and on the practical guidelines in developing CAL programs for medical education. CAL, defined as an instruction which is delivered directly to students by allowing them to interact with lessons programmed into the system, has been demonstrated as one of the most essential teaching tools in medical education as stethoscope. Theories for developing CAL include behavioral Psychology, cognitive psychology, instructional theory, motivational theory, and visual literacy. Development of CAL programs should include such factors as instructional objectives
, attentiveness, individualized user control function, and reinforcement components. Poston (1993) delineated four phases for developing CAL programs: (1) select the topic by narrowing the focus (2) select the tools that fit the goals and resources (3) develop instructional design by creating a map of the program's features (4) conduct evaluation both formatively and summatively. On conclusion, in order to develop and utilize more effective CAL program, it is suggested have support from faculty and administrative level, establish consortium among schools, publish and disseminate information manuals, and establish not only LAN (Local-Area Network) within school but WAN (Wide-Area Network) system among schools.